Barrel-seam and method of making the same.



ime/La 17 H. apnvls. BARREL SEAMAND METHOD OF MAKING THE SAME.

. APPLICATION FILED APR. 30, 19"- 1 366,41 5. Patented May ,14, 191'&

. INVENTOR. WITNESS wwrz'fiaws 6 BY 7 2E 7' ATTORNEYS.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

HENDERSON G. DAVIS, 01 SPRINGFIELD, MASSACHUSETTS, ASSIGNOB T0 GILBERT BARKER MANUFACTURING COMPANY, OF WEST SPRINGFIELD, MASSACHUSETTS, A

CORPORATION OF MASSACHUSETTS.

BABREL-SEAM AND METHOD OI MAKING THE SAME.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented May 14, 1918.

Application filed April 30, 1917. Serial No. 165,400.

This invention relates to a method of seaming the heads of containers, such as cans, barrels, and the like, for example, to their bodies and to the improved article resulting from the method.

The invention is particularly applicable to the heading of barrels, such as are used to transport 011s and the like over long distances under severe conditions. Such barrels need to be tightly seamed to avoid leakage. The barrels are, however, rather heavy and in transit are subjected to rough handling, being frequently dropped. With the former methods of seaming of which I am aware, the flan es of the barrel shell and its head are inter olded in such a manner that one may move relatively to another, and, when a barrel is dropped a relative movement between the interfolded flan es may take place, at least sufliciently to a low the fluid in the barrel to Work through the seam. Cement and the like has been applied to the flanges during the interfolding operation but after the cement or other sealing means has once hardened, a blow on the seam, such as is administered by droppin the barrel, is suflicient to crack, break, an powder the sealing material and thereby destroy the hitherto sealed seam.

This invention has for its object to provide a method of seaming containers such as heavy oil barrels, whereb the flanges of the head and shell are held together with a locked seam in such a manner that no opportunity is left for relative movement between the head and shell, the construction being characterized in that a seam may be made tight to prevent leakage and in that the jars and jolts received b the barrel will not only not readily loosen t e seam but will have a tendency to cause the seam to become more tightly locked than before.

A further object of the invention is to provide the improved barrel which is the product of the method.

Other objects and advantages will appear in the description to follow and will be articularly pointed out in the ap ended claims.

The invention is disclosed or illustrative purposes in the accompanying drawings, in which:

Figure 1 is an elevational view of a completed barrel made by the method; and

Figs. 2, 3, and 4 are fragmentary sectional views illustrating successive steps in the seaming of the ad to the shell of the barrel.

Referring to these drawings in detail, the shell a of the barrel in the making is cylindrical in form and at each end is provided with a circumferential flange b, which is outwardly turned at right angles to the shell, as shown in Fig. 2. A circular head a has a circumferential flange d which is adapted to closely fit within the shell or and a circumferential flan ee outwardly turned from flange d, which ange e is adapted to abut the shell flange b and lie parallel therewith. The flange e is longer than the flange b for a reason later to appear.

The method of joining the head a to shell a may be accomplished by a variety of mechanical means. For example, the barrel may be supported for rotation by a pair of chucks 7, which each fit within the depression in head a, as shown in Fig. 2. Suitable rolls,'such as g and h (Figs. 3 and 4:, respectively) may then be forced successively against the flanges b and e to produce the seam. The method will be described as carried out by the use of chucks f and rolls 9 and it. Such preferred mechanical details in carrying out the method is fully described and claimed in my co-pending application Ser. No. 165,399 filed April 30, 1917.

The first ste of the method consists in fitting the hea s 0 into shell a as shown in Fig. 2, and the barrel is then mounted upon the chucks f. The roll 9 is then forced against the flanges 6 while the barrel is rotated. Roll is so ositioned with relation to the barrel t at a s oulder z thereon lies in the plane of the outer surface (that to the left in Fig. 2) of the flange e. The latter is first engaged by roll 9 and continued movement of the roll toward shell a during the rotation of the latter by the chucks dually bends the flange e to the right. urther movement of r01 9 will bend the flange b to the right by engagement with flange c. On continued movement of the roll, the end of flange e encounters a shoulder j on the roll and is thereby bent upwardly around the end of flange b, and thereafter in an endwise direction toward shoulder '21 so that a ortion k is inserted between flange b and s ell a, as shown in Fig. 3. The flange e is made of such length that, when the roll 9 has been moved into abutment with the shell, as shown in Fig. 3, the portion A: overlaps flange b by a distance slightly greater than the thickness of the flange.

To complete the seam, the roll it is used, and this roll has shoulders l and m, which are similar to the shoulders 71 and j on roll g and arranged to close the joint or seam substantially as shown in Fig. 4 and substantially in the manner to be described.

Between the shoulders Z and m is a substantially flat circumferential portion which is adapted to press the flanges b and c, with the part is previously inserted between fla e b and shell a, flatly against the latter. Tfie distance between shoulders I and m is substantially the same as that between the shoul- (lei-s i and 3', so that, when roll it is applied to the partially formed seam, the flanges interfolded as described cannot move in an endwise direction to any appreciable degree. The flanges being confined between the shoulders l and m, the roll h in flattening the flanges tends to force the ends of flanges b and e toward shoulder m, and this movement of flange 6 tends to force the part It in an opposite direction. The part k and the end of flange b, which it overlaps, thus are subjected to forces which tend to move them in opposite directions to increase the overlap and at the same time roll it gradually forces the overlapped end of flange 5 against the part is. Thus, the'overlapped portions are gradually crushed together and, as they are crushed, the endwise forces act to draw out the part It and the overlapped end of flange 1 into wedgelike form. As the roll it abuts the shell a, the parts are brought into the position shown in Fig. 4, wherein the part In is hooked around the pointed end of flange 6 into abutment therewith and into abutment with the shell a. It will be apparent from an inspection of Fig. 4 that no opportunity whatever is afforded for relative movement of the flanges under forces applied at the outer end of the seam, as when a barrel is dropped, because the inner ends of flanges b and e are hooked one on to the other with a relatively slight or comparatively no leverage for one hook to act on the other for separating action.

The important step in this method consists in inserting the part is between the flange b and the shell and thereafter forcing the portion I: and the overlapping end of flange Z) intothe form shown. It is particularly desired that the end of flange 6 should form with shell a an acute angle and that portion is should abut the end of flange b and become hooked and locked thereto substantially as shown.

If desired, a slight amount of cement may be placed between the abutting ends of flan e b and portion 16. The great ressure app ied to force the portion is into a utment with the end of flange b will spread the cement in a very thin film. The cement thus applied, as a matter of fact merely fills all the minute irregularities in the abutting surfaces and is not, as formerly, in the form of layer of marked thickness. The cement, when applied as described, will not crack and cause leakage as heretofore because it is applied by the pressure in an extremely thin film which acts to fill up the smallest of spaces between the abutting metal which spaces are protected by the metal edges around such spaces. The cement then merely fills minute irregularities of the abutting surfaces.

The important result of the method is to provide a seam wherein the joined parts are locked against relative movement, and this result is obtained by the inturned end k, which is hooked around the inclined end surface of flan e ,b, and positioned between the latter and s ell a. The portions a, b, d, and e being jammed together to lie in intimately c ose contiguous re ation cannot move relatively to one another according to their stated relation except in the direction of the axis of the shell, and, due to the inturned and rearwardly' inclined portion is, the head is prevented from movin in this direction. The seam thus provided is capable of withstanding rough handling without leaking. Assume. for example, that the barrel is dropped endwise, as frequently happens, so that a blow is delivered on the edge up (F' 1 and 4). The force is transmitt in t c direction of the length of the barrel and is transmitted from the rounded and p to the rounded end of flange 6. These two rounded ends have been forced into close abutment and the one cannot move relatively to the other in the direction of the applied force. The latter, therefore, is transmitted to flan e b which abuts the portion 7: so that t e former cannot move relatively to the latter. The end of flange b transmits the force to the portion la and the tendency is to turn the latter on the point as a ivot (Fig. 7). Now, if the surfaces 0 part and flange b abutted along a line'pcrpendicular to the shell a, the part 1: might be turned by the described force on point g as a pivot but with the described construction this turning movement cannot readily occur. The length of the surfaee of part In which abuts the end of flange b is longer than the perpendicular distance from point q to the shell, and the surface is inclined in such a direction that an eflort to turn the part In on pivot Kps prevented b the points and of part 70 earing on the s ell a, The force of flan e b is exerted on part In at an angle such t at a part of the force tends to turn the part k, as described, and another part of the force acts to force part In toward the shell with a tendency to draw the flangese and b more tightly to ethel.

t has been myexperience that a seam formed as described eflectively prevents leakage and is capable of withstan ing the jolts and jars encountered in transportation without leaking. This, I believe is due to the peculiar manner of locking the flan es b and e together by the part and I ave found that repeated blows ap lied to the seam do not loosen the latter an cause leakage, but on the contrary appear to draw the seam more tightl together. The reasons for this peculiar an advantageous result have been set forth above so far as I understand them.

Thus, I have provided an improved method of heading barrels by a locke seam and an im roved barrel resulting from the method w ich is capable of withstanding rough usage without leakin The invention has been c lescribed herein for illustrative purposes, but the scope of the invention is defined by the ap ended claims rather than by the foregoing diescription.

What I claim is- 1. A barrel or the like comprising a body having a flanged portion bent backwardly flat against the body, and a head having a flanged portion bent backwardly around and flatly against the first-named flange, the flanged portion of the head having an end portion to abut in contiguous relation with and hook around the end of the flrstnamed flanged portion and to abut with said bod all constructed and arranged so that sal flanges are held against relative movement by the hooked end portion.

2. A barrel or the like, comprisin a body having a flanged portion bent bac ardly flat against the body, and a head having a flanged portion bent backwardly around and flatly against the first-named flange, the end of the first-named flanged portion being arranged to meet the bod at an acute angle, the flanged portion of t e head havmg an upturned end to abut and hook around the end of the first-named portion and'toabut said body.

3; The method of seaming the head of a barrel or the like to its body which consists in prov ding both head and body with flan es,.m bending both said flanges backwar y toward the body, in bendin an end of the head flange around the end of the body flange and forcinglit between the latter and the body so that t e end of the flanges overlap for a short distance, and in thereafter applying pressure to the head and body flanges until ortions of each have been forced flat against and contiguous with the body with said end of the head flange held between body flange and the body.

4. The method of seaming the head of a barrel or the like to its body which consists in providing both head and body with flanges, in bendin both flanges backwardly toward the body, in bending the end of the head flan e around the end of the body flange an forcin it endwise between the latter and the b0 y head flange partially overlaps the body flange, in thereafter forcing both flanges flatly against the body, and in confining the flanges against endwise movement during the est-named ste so that the end of the head flan e is held ietween and in abutment with the dy and body flange with a hook engagement with the end of the latter.

5. The method of seaming the head of a barrel or the like to its body which consists in providing both head and body with flanges, in bendin both flanges backwardly toward the body, in bending the end of the head flan e around the end of the body flange an forcin it endwise between the latter and the bo y so that the end of the head flange partially overlaps the body flange, in thereafter forcing the overlapped portlons toward the body until both portions are brought flatly against the body, and in confinin the flanges against endwise movement during the last-named step, so that the end of the head flange is held between the overlapped ortion of the body flange and the body ans so that overlap ed ends of the head and body flanges a ut along the line which inclined to the body.

6. The method of securing the head of a barrel or the like to its body,.which consists in providing both head and body with flanges, in bendin both flanges backwardly toward the body, 1n bending the end of the head flan e around the end of the body flange an forcin it endwise between the latter and the body until the ends of the head and body flan es overlap for a short distance, in therea er applying pressure both normally and endwlse to the overlapped portions until both of the latter are forced into the same lane, flatly against and contiguous with t e bod so that the end of the head flange is hel between and in abutment with the body and body flange.

7 An article of manufacture, comprising, a member having a flanged portion bent backwardly against and, contiguous with the member, a second member havin a fla portion bent backwardly aroun the named flange in contiguous, relation thereso that the end of the w a with, the flanged portion of the seoond member havin an end Hortion to abut in contiguous re ation wit and hook around the end of the first-named flanged portion and to abut with the first-named member, all constructed and arran ed so that said flanged portions are he d against relative movement by the hooked end portion.

8. The method of securing members 01yl seaming, which consists in providing bot members with flan es of unequal length and in disposing'said an es in contiguous relation, in bending both anges baokwardly toward one member, in bendin the end of the longer flange around the en of the shorter flange and forcing it endwise between the latter and last-named member until the ends of the flanges overlap for a short distance, in thereafter applying pressure both norma I and endwise to the overlapped portions until both of the latter are forced into contiguous relation with the last-named member so that the end of the longer flan e is held between and in abutment with t e latter and the shorter flange.

HENDERSON G. DAVIS.

It is hereby certified that in Letters Patent No. 1,266,415 granted May 14, 1918, upon the sppiicstion of Henderson G. Davis, of Springfield, Massachusetts, for an improvement in Barrel-Seams and Methods of Making the Same, an error appears in the printed specification requiring correction as follows: Page 3, claim 5, strike out line 108 and insert the words along a line which is mama to the lady; and that the said Letters Patent should be read with this correction therein that the some may conform to the record of the case in the Patent Oflice.

Signed end sealed this 4th day of June, A. D., 1918.

F. CLAY,-

Act'ing Commissioner of Patents.

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